Present Perfect Simple
1) RABA
1) Ta čas uporabljamo, ko govorimo o dejanjih, ki so se zgodila v pretekosti in imajo zvezo s sedanjostjo. Rezultat dejanja v preteklosti je pomemben za sedanjost. Ni pomembno, kdaj se je dejanje zgodilo. Ko imamo določeno točko v preteklosti, npr. “yesterday”, potem uporabimo “Past Simple”.
- I have cancelled the meeting. = Odpovedal sem sestanek. (Present Perfect Simple)
- I cancelled the meeting yesterday. = Včeraj sem odpovedal sestanek. (Past Simple)
Rezultat dejanja v prvem stavku ima posledico v sedanjosti: sestanka ne bo.
- Have you ever been to Vienna? = Si že bil kdaj na Dunaju?
Tudi, ko govorimo o izkušnjah, uporabimo “Present Perfect Simple”.
- I have washed my hands. = Umila sem si roke.
Želim poudariti rezultat – želim poudariti to, da imam sedaj čiste roke.
2) “Present Perfect Simple” uporabljamo tudi za pravkar zaključena dejanja:
- He has just finished his work. = Pravkar je zaključil delo. (Dejanje je zaključeno.)
3) Za dejanja, ki so se začela v preteklosti in se še niso končala – povezava med preteklostjo in sedanjostjo je pogosto izražena s “since” (+ časovna točka: last year/yesterday/1998) ali “for ” (+ časovno obdobje: ten days/weeks/months/years):
- We have lived in Ljubljana for 10 years. = V Ljubljani živimo že 10 let.
4) Skupaj z lately/recently/yet
- I have read an interesting book recently. = Nedavno sem prebrala zanimivo knjigo.
- He has not answered yet. = Ni še odgovoril.
2) OBLIKA
Pomožni glagol “have/has” + pretekli deležnik
has: 3.oseba ednine (he/she/it)
have: vse druge osebe (I/you/we/they)
Pretekli deležnik:
– pravilni glagoli: nedoločnik + “-ed” (npr.: worked, walked, talked)
– nepravilni glagoli: 3. kolona tabele z nepravilnimi glagoli (npr.: seen, written, won)
3) TRDILNE/NIKALNE/VPRAŠALNE POVEDI
+
Nepravilni glagoli
I/we/you/they have eaten Chinese food.
He/she/it has eaten Chinese food.
Pravilni glagoli
I/we/you/they have worked a lot.
He/she/it has worked a lot.
Pogosto uporabimo kratke oblike:
I/we/you/they’ve eaten Chinese food.
He/she/it’s eaten Chinese food.
I/we/you/they’ve worked a lot.
He/she/it’s worked a lot.
–
Deležnik ostane nespremenjen (eaten, worked):
Nepravilni glagoli
I/we/you/they have not eaten Chinese food.
He/she/it has not eaten Chinese food.
Pravilni glagoli
I/we/you/they have not worked a lot.
He/she/it has not worked a lot.
Pogosto uporabimo kratke oblike:
I/we/you/they haven’t eaten Chinese food.
He/she/it hasn’t eaten Chinese food.
I/we/you/they haven’t worked a lot.
He/she/it hasn’t worked a lot.
?
Deležnik ostane nespremenjen (eaten, worked). Vprašanja tvorimo tako, da samo obrnemo vrstni red pomožnega glagola (have/has) in osebka:
Nepravilni glagoli
Have I/we/you/they eaten Chinese food?
Has he/she/it eaten Chinese food?
Pravilni glagoli
Have I/we/you/they worked a lot?
Has he/she/it worked a lot?
4) PRIMERI PRISLOVOV
Just, yet , never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for, lately, recently
5) RAZLIKA MED ČASOMA “PAST SIMPLE IN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE”
6) ČRKOVANJE
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