Bolezni = Illnesses

1. ELEMENTARY LEVEL

1.1. Vocabulary = Besedišče

– ill = sick* = bolan
– an illness = a sickness = bolezen
– health = zdravje
– healthy = zdrav
– unhealthy = nezdrav
– a doctor = zdravnik
– a hospital = bolnišnica
– to sneeze = kihati
– to cough = kašljati
– a cold = prehlad
– to vomit = to throw up** = bruhati
– flu = influenza = gripa
– a headache = glavobol
– a toothache = zobobol
– a dentist = zobozdravnik
– an aspirin = aspirin
– to ache = to hurt = boleti
– a pain = bolečina
– a chemist(’s) = drogerija z lekarno
– a pharmacy = lekarna
– a medicine = zdravilo

* V predikativni poziciji sta oba pridevnika, “sick” in “ill” izmenljiva in oba pomenita “bolan” (He is very sick. = He is very ill. = Zelo je bolan.); v prilastkovni rabi pa je bolj pogost pridevnik “sick” (He is a sick child. = Bolan otrok je.) kot “ill”, ki se običajno (in še posebej v Angliji) uporablja pred samostalnikom le v primeru, da ga pred njim določa prislov (He is a very ill child. = Zelo bolan otrok je.)
** Izraz “to throw up” se uporablja le pogovorno.

1.2. Phrases = Fraze

– She is in hospital. = V bolnišnici je.
– She is at the doctor’s. = Pri zdravniku je.
– I was sick in the bathroom. = I vomitted in the bathroom. = V kopalnici sem bruhal.
– Alcohol makes me feel sick. = Po alkoholu mi gre na bruhanje.
– Yesterday, she got ill. Today, she is more ill worse. = Včeraj je zbolela. Danes je še hujše.
– I’ve got a cold. = Prehlajen sem.
– I’ve caught a cold. = Prehladil sem se.
– I’ve got a toothache/headache/… = Zobobol/Glavobol/… imam.
– How are you today? = Kako se počutiš danes?
– I’m very well, thank you. = Zelo dobro, hvala.
– I’m fine, thank you. = V redu, hvala.
– I feel ill. = Bolan sem.

2. PRE-INTERMEDIATE and INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

2.1. Vocabulary = Besedišče

– (high) temperature = fever = povišana telesna temperatura, vročina
– a disease = bolezen*
– an infection = infekcija, okužba
– a virus = virus
– a symptom = znak, simptom
– diarrhoea = driska
– a hangover = maček (po krokanju)
– a stomachache = bolečine v trebuhu
– a backache = bolečine v hrbtu
– an earache = bolečine v ušesu**
– seasick = trpeč za morsko boleznijo
– a prescription = predpisano zdravilo
– a patient = pacient
– a nurse = zdravstveni delavec
– painful = boleče
– an injection = injekcija, vbrizg
– a filling = plomba
– caries = karies (gnitje zoba)
– asthma = astma
– cancer = rak
– a heart attack = srčni napad
– a pill = a tablet = tableta
– a panic attack = napad panike
– an allergy = alergija
– allergic = alergičen

* Razlika med »illness« in »disease« je, da »illness« označuje splošno bolezensko stanje, medtem ko gre pri »disease« za določen tip bolezni, npr.: He suffered from a serious illness. (»Trpel je za – neko – hudo boleznijo.«) In na drugi strani: The doctors believe the disease is spreading. (»Zdravniki menijo, da se – točno določena – bolezen širi.«)
** Za bolečine v želodcu (trebuhu), v ušesih, v hrbtu ter za glavobol in zobobol se uporabljajo zloženke z besedo »ache« (bolečina), pred katero se pripne ime enega od omenjenih delov telesa: stomachache, earache, backache, headache, toothache. Za bolečine v drugih delih telesa se uprablja fraza »a pain in«, kateri sledi ime določenega dela telesa: a pain in my chest, a pain in his leg, … ali zgolj izraz »pain«, pred katerega se postavi ustrezni del telesa: chest pain, leg pain, …

2.2. Phrases = Fraze

– I’ve got a sore throat. = Vneto grlo imam.
– I’ve got a temperature. = I am running a temperature. = Vročino imam.
– I have to take your temperature. = Moram ti izmeriti vročino.
– The doctor gave me a prescription. = Zdravnik mi je predpisal zdravilo.
– He suffers from asthma. = Trpi za/Ima astmo.
– I’ve got a runny nose. = Teče mi iz nosu.
– I get seasick easily. = Hitro dobim morsko bolezen.
– I’m allergic to peanuts. = Alergičen sem na arašide.

3. UPPER-INTERMEDIATE and ADVANCED LEVEL

3.1. Vocabulary = Besedišče

– a blister = žulj
– a rash = izpuščaj
– a lump = bula
– indigestion = slaba prebava (dispepsija)
– constipation = zaprtost
– constipated = zaprt
– to recover = to get better = okrevati
– to cure = ozdraviti
– incurable = neozdravljiv
– contagious = nalezljiv
– measles = ošpice
– to itch = srbeti
– dizzy = omotičen
– a migrane = migrena, glavobol s slabostjo
– malaria = malarija
– hepatitis = hepatitis, vnetje jeter
– an ulcer = čir
– arthritis = artritis, vnetje sklepov
– typhoid = tifus
– hay fever = seneni nahod
– a painkiller = zdravilo proti bolečinam
– eye drops = kapljice za oči
– a side effect = stranski učinek
– an antibiotic = antibiotik
– a herb = zelišče
– herbal = zeliščni
– a remedy = zdravilo, lek
– a check-up = (zdravniški) pregled
– a pulse = srčni utrip
– faint = šibek
– a haemorrhage = huda notranja krvavitev
– a hypochondriac = hipohonder
– hypochondria = hipohondrija, umišljanje bolezni
– a pneumonia = pljučnica
– chickenpox = norice
– insomnia = nespečnost
– to examine = pregledati
– to transmit = prenesti
– a tumour = tumor
– a stroke = kap

3.2. Phrases = Fraze

– I’ve got an upset stomach. = Razdražen želodec imam.
– I got food poisoning. = Zastrupil sem se s hrano.
– You should make an appointment at the doctor’s. = Naroči se pri zdravniku.
– The nurse will take your blood pressure. = Zdravniški delavec ti bo izmeril krvni pritisk.
– I’ve lost my appetite. = Izgubil sem apetit.
– You need health insurance. = Potrebuješ zdravstveno zavarovanje.
– He’s made a full recovery. = Popolnoma je okreval.
– It’s highly contagious. = Zelo nalezljivo je.
– Get well! = Pozdravi se!