Grafi in tabele = Graphs and Charts
V poslovnem svetu preprosto ne gre brez sestankov in predstavitev in pogosto se pri takšnih nastopih še toliko bolj izkažejo bodisi znanje in veščine bodisi neznanje in nezmožnost podajanja informacij. V dveh izmed prejšnjih poglavij smo vam že obširno predstavili sestanke in predstavitve, v tem delu pa boste spoznali in osvajali znanje o grafih in tabelah, ki so vsekakor pomemben spremljevalec poslovnih predstavitev. Takšen vizualni prikaz vam lahko v veliki meri pomaga pri navedbi in opisovanju določenih podatkov, seveda le, če ga znate pravilno in učinkovito tudi podati.
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1. USEFUL VOCABULARY = UPORABNO BESEDIŠČE
1.1.USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR DIAGRAMS (CHARTS AND GRAPHS) = UPORABNI IZRAZI ZA DIAGRAME (TABELE IN GRAFE)
- diagram = diagram
- bubble diagram = diagram z balončki
- chart/table = tabela
- line chart = črtni prikaz
- bar chart (American English also ‘bar graph’) = palični prikaz/prikaz s stolpci
- paired bar chart = parni palični prikaz
- percentage bar chart = procentni palični prikaz
- column chart = vertikalni palični prikaz
- flow chart (flow diagram) = prikaz poteka (npr. procesa ali programa)
- pie chart = tortni prerez
- graph = graf
- single line graph (graph with only one line (possibly) illustrating one trend) = graf z eno črto/enočrtni graf
- multiple line graph = graph with more than one lines( possibly illustrating different trends) = graf z večimi črtami/veččrtni graf
- column = stolpec
- segment = segment/del
- line = črta
- solid line = a line entirely without holes (dots) = neprekinjena črta
- broken line = a disconnected (not continuous) line = prekinjena/črtkana črta
- dotted line = a line made up of dots or dashes = pikčasta črta
- curve = krivina
- quadrant = kvadrant
- axis (vertical/horizontal) (plural: axes) = os (navpična/vodoravna)
1.2.USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR DESCRIBING THE PROCESS (FLOW) OF A PARTICULAR EVENT WITH A DIAGRAM = UPORABNI IZRAZI PRI OPISOVANJU POTEKA DOLOČENEGA DOGODKA Z DIAGRAMOM
- to increase/to rise/to go up/to grow = povečati se/dvigniti se/(z)rasti
- to take off/to shoot up/to rocket/to soar/to boom/to jump = povečati se/zrasti zelo hitro/nepričakovano
- to reach peak/to reach the highest point = doseči vrh/najvišjo točko
- to peak = doseči najvišjo točko/vrednost
- to expand = (raz)širiti se
- to recover/to pick up = opomoči si
- to recover strongly = močno si opomoči
- to recover slightly = malo si opomoči
- to remain steady/stable/constant = ostati nespremenjen/uravnotežen
- to stabilize/to level off = uravnovesiti se
- to level out = izravnati/poravnati se
- levelled out/off/stabilized = izravnan/poravnan
- (to reach) a plateau = (doseči) stagnacijo
- to fluctuate = nihati
- to decrease/to decline/to fall/to go down/to drop/to reduce = znižati se/upasti
- to shrink = skrčiti se
- to plunge/to dive/to plummet /to sank/to crash/to tumble = nenadoma/nepričakovano upasti
- to reach the lowest point/to hit the bottom/to hit a low/to bottom out = doseči dno/najnižjo točko
1.3.NOUNS OF MOVEMENT = SAMOSTALNIKI, KI IZRAŽAJO PREMIKANJE
- decline = padec/upad
- decrease = upadanje
- drop = (hiter) upad/padec
- fall = padec
- fluctuation = nihanje
- improvement = napredek
- increase = (po)rast
- recovery = okrevanje/povrnitev
- reduction = zmanjšanje/znižanje
- rise = rasti/dvigniti se
1.4.OTHER USEFUL EXPRESSIONS = OSTALI UPORABNI IZRAZI
- visual display = vizualni prikaz
- give or take = več ali manj
- dip = upad
- to dip = upasti
- peak = vrh
- position on the market = položaj na trgu
- highest level = najboljši položaj/najvišji položaj
- lowest level = najslabši/najnižji položaj
- to stand at = biti na…/biti pri…
- to improve = izboljšati (se)
- performance = storilnost/učinkovitost
- ups and downs = vzponi in padci
- trend = trend/tendenca
- upward trend = dvigajoč/rastoč trend
- downward trend = (pro)padajoč trend
- overall trend = splošen trend
- to represent = predstavljati
- correlation = vzajemnost/korelacija
- correlated /correlative = vzajemen
- a correlation between… = vzajemnost/korelacija med…
- inverse correlation = nasprotna vzajemnost/korelacija
- inversely correlated = nasprotno vzajemen
- in the region of = v okviru/v obsegu
- just short of = nekaj manj kot
- to reach = doseči
- rise of some ________ €/$ / increase of some (approximately) ________ €/$ = rast za ________ €/$
- percent / per cent (plural: percent/per cent) = odstotek
- percentage = odstotek/odstotna vrednost
- section = del/presek/izrez
- fraction = del
- share = delež/del
- to be well above/to be way over (e.g. expectations)= biti precej nad (npr. nad pričakovanji)
- to be well below/to be way under = biti precej pod (npr. pod pričakovanji)
- to account for (e.g. this part accounts for 5%)= predstavljati (npr. ta del predstavlja 5%)
- to be preferred … over = biti izbran namesto…
1.5.USEFUL ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS WHEN DESCRIBING DIAGRAMS = UPORABNI PRIDEVNIKI IN PRISLOVI PRI OPISOVANJU DIAGRAMOV
- steady (not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall) = uravnovešen/umirjen
→ steadily (in a steady manner) = uravnovešeno/umirjeno - steep (sudden and very big (esp. of a rise or a fall in an amount) = strm/neverjeten
→ steeply (in a steep manner) = strmo - moderate (being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme) = zmeren
→ moderately (to a moderately sufficient extent or degree) = zmerno - slight (small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or at least some) = komaj/malo opazen
→ slightly (to a small degree or extent) = komaj/malo opazno - minimal (the least possible) = minimalen
→ minimally (to a minimal degree) = minimalno - substantial (fairly large) = znaten/precejšen
→ substantially (to a great extent or degree) = znatno/precejšnje - considerable (large/relatively large in number/amount/extent/degree) = znaten/precejšen
→ considerably (to a great extent/ degree) = znatno/precejšnje - sharp = (of a rise/fall/change) sudden and rapid = močan/izrazit
→ sharply (suddenly and rapidly) = močno/izrazito - enormous (large in size/extent/amount/power/degree) = ogrome
→ enormously (very much/extremely) = ogromno - huge (unusually great in size/amount/degree/especially extent/scope) = ogromen
→ hugely (extremely) = ogromno/silno - rapid (done or occurring in a brief period of time) = hiter
→ rapidly (with rapid movements) = hitro - swift (moving very fast) = hiter/nagel
→ swiftly (in a swift manner) = hito/naglo - quick (done with speed/moving fast/happening very soon) = hiter/uren/nagel
→ quickly/quick (both adverbs) (fast; soon) = hitro/urno/naglo - sudden (happening without warning or in a short space of time) = nenaden
→ suddenly (quickly and without warning) = nenadno - gradual (proceeding in small stages) = postopen
→ gradually (in a gradual manner) = postopno - gentle (soft and mild) = nežen
→ gently (in a gentle manner) = nežno - marked (easily noticeable) = opazen/izrazit
→ markedly (in a clearly noticeable manner) = opazno/izrazito - rough (not quite exact or correct) = okviren
→ roughly (imprecise but fairly close to correct) = okvirno - spectacular (very impressive) = neverjeten/spektakularen
→ spectacularly (very impressively) = neverjetno/spektakularno - dramatic (sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect) = dramatičen
→ dramatically (in a dramatic manner) = dramatično - disastrous → ((of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences) = katastrofalen
- disastrously = katastrofalno
- slow (not moving quickly or taking a comparatively long time) = počasen
→ slowly (without speed) = počasno - encouraging (giving courage/confidence/hope) = spodbuden
→ encouragingly (in an encouraging manner) = spodbudno - disappointing (not up to expectations) = razočaranja vreden
→ disappointingly (in a disappointing manner) = razočaranja vredno
2. USEFUL PHRASES = UPORABNE FRAZE
2.1.GENERAL PHRASES = SPLOŠNE FRAZE
- As we can see from the diagram/chart/graph… = Kot lahko vidimo/razberemo iz diagrama/tabele/grafa…
- As can be seen from the diagram/chart/graph… = Kot je vidno iz diagrama/tabele/grafa…
- According to the diagram/chart/graph… = Glede na diagram/tabelo/graf…
- As the diagram/chart/graph illustrates… = Kot ponazarja diagram/tabela/graf…
- The diagram/chart/graph presents data (showing)… = Diagram/tabela/graf predstavlja/prikazuje podatke, (ki kažejo)…
- The diagram/chart/graph (clearly)shows/indicates that… = Diagram/tabela/graf (jasno) kaže, da…
- As is evident from the diagram/chart/graph = Kot je razvidno iz diagram/tabele/grafa
- The diagram/chart/graph provides (strong) evidence that… = Diagram/tabela/graf zagotavlja/vsebuje (močne) dokaze, da/za…
- The diagram/chart/graph provides (strong) support for the theory/thesis that… = Diagram/tabela/graf (močno/nedvomno) podpira teorijo, da/o…
- From the diagram/chart/graph we can conclude that… = Na podlagi diagrama/tabele/grafa lahko zaključimo, da…
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2.2.PHRASES EXPRESSING NEGATION = FRAZE, KI IZRAŽAJO NEGACIJO
- The diagram/chart/graph doesn’t illustrate… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne ponazarja…
- The diagram/chart/graph does not present data (showing)… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne predstavlja/prikazuje podatkov, (ki kažejo)…
- The diagram/chart/graph doesn’t show… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne kaže…
- It is not evident from the diagram/chart/graph that… = Iz diagrama/tabele/grafa ni razvidno, da…
- From the diagram/chart/graph it is not evident/clear that… = Iz diagrama/tabele/grafa ni razvidno/jasno, da…
- From the diagram/chart/graph we cannot conclude that… = Na podlagi diagrama/tabele/grafa ne moremo zaključiti, da…
- The diagram/chart/graph does not (clearly) indicate that… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne (po)kaže (jasno), da
- The diagram/chart/graph doesn’t provide (strong) evidence that… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne zagotavlja (močnih) dokazov za/da…
- The diagram/chart/graph doesn’t provide (strong) support for the theory/thesis that… = Diagram/tabele/graf ne podpira (močno) teorije/teze, da/o
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2.3.PHRASES INDICATING INCONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE = FRAZE, KI IZRAŽAJO IZPODBITNE DOKAZE
- The diagram/chart/graph does not indicate/illustrate/show whether… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne namiguje /ponazarja/kaže ali….
- We can draw no conclusions regarding… from the diagram/chart/graph = Na podlagi digrama/tabele/grafa ne moremo potegniti nobenih zaključkov/sklepov glede…
- The diagram/chart/graph provides inconclusive evidence regarding… = Diagram/tabela/graf ne podaja zadostnih dokazov glede…
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