Past Perfect Simple
1) RABA
Ta angleški čas je po rabi enak slovenskemu predpretekliku. Slovenski predpreteklik je že skoraj povsem izumrl (Ko jih je Petra obiskala, so ti že bili odšli na potep.). Tudi v angleščini ta čas uporabljamo samo, kadar govorimo v navezi z drugim preteklim dejanjem (slednje je najpogosteje v času “Past Simple”); ko govorimo o dejanju, ki se je zgodilo pred nekim preteklim dejanjem.
- When Marko came home, they had already had dinner. = Ko je Marko prišel domov, so bili že večerjali.
2) OBLIKA
“had” + pretekli deležnik*
*pretekli deležnik:
– pravilni glagoli: nedoločnik + obrazilo “-ed” (worked, walked, talked)
– nepravilni glagoli: 3. kolona tabele z nepravilnimi glagoli (seen, written)
3) TRDILNE/NIKALNE/VPRAŠALNE POVEDI
+
Pravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had walked home.
Nepravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had sent the letter.
Pogosto uporabimo kratke oblike:
Pravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they’d walked home.
Nepravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they’d sent the letter.
–
Samo zanikamo pomožni glagol (“had” gre v “had not”), vse ostalo ostane nespremenjeno:
Pravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not walked home.
Nepravilni glagoli
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not sent the letter.
Pogosto uporabimo kratke oblike:
I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn’t walked home. = I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn’t sent the letter.
I/you/he/she/it/we/they’d not walked home. = I/you/he/she/it/we/they’d not sent the letter.
?
Vprašalne povedi tvorimo tako, da zamenjamo vrstni red pomožnega glagola “had” in osebka:
Pravilni glagoli
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they walked home?
Nepravilni glagoli
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they sent the letter?
4) PRIMERI PRISLOVOV IN TIPIČNIH VEZNIKOV ZA “PAST PERFECT SIMPLE”
Pri dejanjih, ki so se zgodila prej, uporabimo “Past Perfect Simple”, pri tistih, ki so se zgodila kasneje, pa “Past Simple”:
-when:
- When I came home, they had already cleaned the mess. = Ko sem prišel domov, so že pospravili nesnago.
Najprej so počistili, zato je to v “Past Perfect Simple”, potem sem prišel domov, kar je v “Past Simple”.
-before:
- Before he called her, he had thought carefully what to say. = Preden jo je poklical, je skrbno premislil kaj reči.
Ta poved se razdeli na dva dela (dva stavka), en vsebuje “before”, drugi ne. V delu povedi, kjer je “before” je navadno “Past Simple”, medtem ko je v drugem delu povedi “Past Perfect Simple”.
-after:
- After they had finished the report they talked to the CEO. = Ko so končali poročilo so govorili z izvršnim direktorjem.
V delu povedi, kjer je “after” je navadno “Past Perfect Simple”, medtem ko je v drugem delu povedi “Past Simple”. Najprej so končali poročilo, potem so šele govorili z izvršnim direktorjem.
-as soon as:
- As soon as she had passed the exam she went on a holiday. = Takoj ko je naredila izpit, je odšla na počitnice.
V delu povedi, kjer je “as soon as” je navadno “Past Perfect Simple”, medtem ko je v drugem delu povedi “Past Simple”.
-by the time:
- By the time they arrived, the concert had finished. = Do takrat ko so prispeli, se je koncert že končal.
5) RAZLIKE MED ČASI “PAST PERFECT SIMPLE” IN “PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS”
6) ČRKOVANJE
0 Komentarji