Tvorjenje vprašanj in “question tags” = Forming Questions and Question Tags
VPRAŠANJA V RAZLIČNIH ČASIH
Pri vprašalnih povedih pred osebek damo pomožni glagol (“am/are/is/do/does/did/have/has/had/will”). Torej je vrstni red stavčnih členov v vprašanjih sledeč:
pomožni glagoli + osebek + polnopomenski glagoli + ostalo
1) Present Tense Simple
- Do I/we/you/they play football?
- Does he/she/it play football?
2) Present Tense Continuous
- Am I listening to music?
- Is he/she/it listening to music?
- Are we/you/they listening to music?
3) Past Tense Simple
Pravilni glagoli | Nepravilni glagoli |
Did you work at LEK? | Did they go to Ljubljana? |
4) Past Tense Continuous
- Was I/he/she/it eating dinner?
- Were we/you/they eating dinner?
5) Present Perfect Simple
Deležnik ostane nespremenjen (npr.: eaten, worked). Samo obrnemo vrstni red pomožnega glagola (have/has) in osebka:
Nepravilni glagoli | Pravilni glagoli |
Have I/we/you/they eaten Chinese food? | Have I/we/you/they worked at all? |
Has he/she/it eaten Chinese food? | Has he/she/it worked at all? |
6) Present Perfect Continuous
- Have I/we/you/they been watching TV?
- Has he/she/it been watching TV?
7) Past Perfect Simple
Pravilni glagoli | Nepravilni glagoli |
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they walked home? | Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they sent the letter? |
8) Past Perfect Continuous
- Had I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they been waiting for the train for over an hour before it arrived?
9) Will- future
- Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they come?
10) Future Perfect Simple
- Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they have received the letter by this time tomorrow?
11) Future Perfect Continuous
- Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they have been waiting for the train for over an hour before it arrives?
12) Going to- future
- Am I going to visit Berlin next week?
- Is he/she/it going to visit Berlin next week?
- Are we/you/they going to visit Berlin next week?
13) Future Continuous
- Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they be waiting for him when the train arrives?
VPRAŠANJA PO OSEBKU
Vprašanja po osebku (v slovenščini se vprašamo “kdo ali kaj?”) so posebnost. Pri teh imamo samo vprašalnice “who” in “what”. Vedno se sprašujemo po prvi besedi v povedi – po osebku. Tega v vprašanjih samo nadomestimo s “who” (za osebe) ali “what” (za vse ostalo), ostali del povedi pa prepišemo. Pri tem moramo paziti, da je glagol, ki sledi vprašalnici vedno za 3.osebo ednine (ni oblik “have/are/were”)
Lucy studies German. > Who studies German?
Lucy studied German. > Who studied German?
They have called the police. > Who has called the police?
His problems are none of their business. > What is none of their business?
VPRAŠALNICE = QUESTION WORDS
1. who – kadar sprašujemo po osebah = kdo/koga/komu/kom
- Who did you call? = Koga si poklicala?
2. what – kadar sprašujemo po stvareh = kaj/česa/čemu/čem/čim
- What didn’t you understand? = Česa nisi razumel?
3. where – kadar sprašujemo po kraju = kje/kam/kod
- Where are you going? = Kam greš?
4. why – ko sprašujemo po razlogu = zakaj
- Why are you so happy? = Zakaj si tako vesela?
5. when – ko sprašujemo po času = kdaj
- When does your plane land? = Kdaj pristane tvoje letalo?
6. what time – ko sprašujemo po točni uri = ob kateri uri
- What time will you be back? = Ob kateri uri boš nazaj?
7. how – ko sprašujemo po načinu = kako
- How do you come to work? = Kako prideš na delo?
8. how much – ko sprašujemo po količini; za vprašalnico stoji samostalnik v ednini; uporabljamo za neštevne samostalnike = koliko
- How much money do we have? = Koliko denarja imamo?
9. how many – ko sprašujemo po količini; za vprašalnico stoji samostalnik v množini; uporabljamo za števne samostalnike = koliko
- How many companies does she own? = Koliko podjetij si lasti?
10. how long – ko sprašujemo po dolžini = kako dolgo
- How long is your hair? = Kako dolge lase imaš?
11. how often – ko sprašujemo po tem, kako pogosto se nekaj dogaja = kako pogosto
- How often do you go to the cinema? = Kako pogosto greš v kino?
12. how far – ko sprašujemo po oddaljenosti = kako daleč
- How far away does she live? = Kako daleč stran živi?
13. since when – ko nas zanima, od kdaj nekaj traja = od kdaj
- Since when do you work in this company? = Od kdaj delaš v tem podjetju?
14. which – ko imamo na izbiro omejeno število nečesa in nas zanima kdo/kaj točno = kateri
- Which car is yours? = Kateri avto je tvoj?
15. whose – ko sprašujemo po lastnini = čigav
- Whose watch is this? = Čigava ura je to?
QUESTION TAGS
1) To so kratka vprašanja postavljena na koncu povedi, ki jih v slovenščino prevedemo s “kajne?”. Slišimo jih predvsem v govorjeni angleščini. Pri tvorjenju teh vprašanj si pomagamo s pomožnimi glagoli (npr.: do, does, did, have, was, were, had, will).
- You live in Berlin, don’t you? = Ti živiš v Berlinu, kajne?
- You haven’t written the offer yet, have you? = Nisi še napisala ponudbe, kajne?
- You miss Jane, don’t you? = Pogrešaš Jane, kajne?
2) Navadno trdilnemu stavku sledi zanikano vprašanje in obratno, zanikanemu stavku sledi trdilno vprašanje.
- You don’t have time, do you? = Nimaš časa, kajne?
- You are too busy, aren’t you? = Preveč si zaposlen, kajne?
- Your company is one of the best in this area, isn’t it? = Tvoje podjetje je eno najboljših na tem področju, kajne?
3) Pomen odgovorov, ko na vprašanje odgovorimo trdilno, ali nikalno je sledeč:
- You don’t trust me, do you? = Ne zaupaš mi, kajne?
a) Yes. (I trust you. = Ja, zaupam ti.)
b) No. (I don’t trust you. = Ne, ne zaupam ti.)
4) Pomen vprašanja je odvisen od tega s kakšno intonacijo ga izgovorimo. Če gre glas pri izgovoru vprašanja navzdol, govorec sploh ne sprašuje temveč samo vabi sogovornika, da se strinja z njim. Če pa gre glas pri izgovoru vprašanja navzgor, to šteje kot pravo vprašanje.
V sledečih vprašanjih govorec želi samo potrditev, strinjanje:
- It’s too hot in here, ↘ isn’t it? = Prevroče je tu, kajne?
- She is a doctor, ↘isn’t she? = Ona je zdravnica, kajne?
- Helen is really intelligent, ↘ isn’t she? = Helen je res inteligentna, kajne?
5) V sledečih vprašanjih govorec res sprašuje:
- He looks better now, ↗ doesn’t he? = Izgleda bolje, kajne?
- The press conference starts at five, ↗doesn’t it? = Tiskovna konferenca se začne ob petih, kajne?
- She hasn’t said anything, ↗has she? = Nič ni rekla, kajne?
POSEBNOSTI
1) Ko govorimo o sebi, je zanikano vprašanje “aren’t I” (trdilno pa: “am I”):
- I am too direct, aren’t I? = Preveč direktna sem, kajne?
2) Po velelniku npr.: “Clean… / Don’t clean… ” se vprašanje začne z “will you?”:
- Sand the mail by ten, will you? = Pošlji pošto do desetih, boš?
3) Po “Let’s… ” se vprašanje začne s “shall we?”:
- Let’s go cycling, shall we? = Pojdiva kolesarit, kaj praviš?
1) Včasih so stavki zanikani z negativnimi besedami (na primer: never, hardly, no):
- You never lie, do you? = Nikoli ne lažeš, kajne?
- They have no clue, have they? = Pojma nimajo, kajne?
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