Tabela/razpredelnica angleških časov = Table of English Tenses
ANGLEŠKI ČASI – RAZPREDELNICA (Table of English Tenses)
Angleški časi (English tenses) tvorijo enega izmed najpomembnejših poglavij angleške slovnice. V nadaljevanju sledi njihova razpredelnica. V razpredelnici v drugem stolpcu vidimo obliko, v tretjem rabo in v zadnjem še prislove značilne za posamezen čas.
ČAS | TRDILNE/ NIKALNE/ VPRAŠALNE POVEDI | RABA | PRIMERI PRISLOVOV |
---|---|---|---|
Present Simple | HE/SHE/IT I/YOU/WE/THEY | 1) Ponavljajoča dejanja: 2) Splošne resnice: 3) Ustaljeni dogovori, planirani dogodki (npr. vozni red): 4) Za nekaterimi posebnimi glagoli, pri katerih ne uporabljamo Pre.Con. (ti gl.izražajo stanja, lastništvo, čustva, miselne procese, itd.): | always, every Monday/ July/week, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually |
Present Continuous | I HE/SHE/IT WE/YOU/THEY | 1) Dejanja v času govora (now, at the moment): 2) Načrt v bližnji prihodnosti: 3) Začasna dejanja (pogosto skupaj s “today/this week/month/year): I usually go to work by car, but this week I am riding a bike. | right now, at the moment, just, now, Listen!, Look!... (zadnja dva sicer nista prislova, vendar pogosto nakazujeta, da sledi ta čas) |
Past Simple | I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY | 1) V preteklosti zaključena dejanja (navadno z dovršnimi glagoli): | yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday, (v vprašanjih z) when |
Past Continuous | I/HE/SHE/IT WE/YOU/THEY | 1) Dejanja, ki niso bila zaključena ob določenem času v preteklosti (navadno z nedovršnimi glagoli): | while, the whole afternoon, from nine to ten |
Present Perfect Simple | HE/SHE/IT I/WE/YOU/THEY +: They have spoken English. (They’ve) | Dejanja, ki so se zgodila v preteklosti in imajo zvezo s sedanjostjo 3) Dejanja, ki so se začela v preteklosti in se še niso končala – večinoma s "since" (+časovna točka) ali"for" (+časovno obdobje): | just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently, (vprašalnici) How long/How many times, today/this week/month/ year ("today, this week/month/ year" se pri Present Perfect Simple-u pojavlja v prevodih s preteklikom v slovenščini; npr. I haven't seen her today. = Danes je še nisem videla.) |
Present Perfect Continuous | HE/SHE/IT I/WE/YOU/THEY :+ They have been speaking at the conference for an hour now. (They’ve)
| 1) Dejanjih, ki so se začela v preteklosti in se nadaljujejo v sedanjost/ so se pravkar končala/ se nadaljujejo tudi v prihodnost: I have been waiting for you for an hour. I have been teaching for ten years. 2) Neprekinjen potek neke dejavnosti - zato se pogosto pojavlja s sledečimi glagoli: try (poskusiti), live (živeti), wait (čakati), teach (poučevati), sit (sedeti), learn (učiti se), rest (počivati), stay (ostati): I have been living in the capital for a year. 3) Pri tem času je poudarek na trajanju in ne toliko na rezultatu dejanja, kot pri času "Present Perfect Simple" in v primerjavi s Present Perf. Sim. je to nedovršeno dejanje: I have been writing reports since eight. I have written two reports since eight. | how long, since, for, lately, recently |
Future Simple | I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/ YOU/THEY | 1) Prihodnja dejanja, ki se zgodijo brez govorčevega vpliva (birthday, weather, itd.): 2) Spontana dejanja (niso načrtovana): | in a year, next …, tomorrow |
Future Perfect Simple | I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/ YOU/THEY +: He will have spoken English by next year. (He’ll) | 1) Ko želimo povedati, da se bo neko dejanje zgodilo pred nekim drugim dejanjem, ali pred določeno časovno točko v prihodnosti: | by next month, by this time tomorrow |
Future Perfect Continuous |
I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/ YOU/THEY +: He will have been speaking English for ten years by 2012. (He’ll) | 1) Ta čas izraža dejanje, ki se neprekinjeno razteza do neke točke v prihodnosti (včasih tudi po njej): You will have been working at Lek for three years tomorrow. | in a year, next …, tomorrow, by next month, by this time tomorrow |
Going to | I HE/SHE/IT WE/YOU/THEY +: They are going to speak to Mary. (They’re) | 1) Načrtovana dejanja v prihodnosti: We are going to sing at the party. They are going to fly to South Africa. 2) Sklepanje o bližnji prihodnosti na osnovi dokazov v naravi: Look at the sky! It is going to rain. Linda’s pregnancy tummy is big now. She is going to have a baby soon. | in one year, next week, tomorrow |
Past Perfect Simple | I/WE/YOU/THEY/ HE/ SHE/IT
| Čas je po rabi enak slovenskemu predpretekliku. Slednji je že skoraj povsem izumrl (Ko je Marko prišel domov, so bili že povečerjali.). Tudi v angleščini ta čas uporabljamo samo, kadar govorimo v navezi z drugim preteklim dejanjem (slednje je najpogosteje v času “Past Simple”); ko govorimo o dejanju, ki se je zgodilo pred nekim preteklim dejanjem. When Marko came home, they had already had dinner. = Ko je Marko prišel domov, so bili že povečerjali. | When, before, after, as soon as, by the time |
Past Perfect Continuous | I/WE/YOU/THEY/HE/ SHE/IT
| Ta čas uporabljamo, ko govorimo o dejanjih, ki so se začela v preteklosti in nadaljevala do določenega trenutka v preteklosti. To je pretekli ekvivalent časa "Present Perfect Continuous", s to razliko, da "Present Perfect Continuous" traja do sedanjosti, "Past Perfect Continuous" pa do časovne točke ali drugega dejanja v preteklosti. When I saw her dog in the morning, it was really tired. It had been running around for the whole night. = Ko sem zjutraj videla njenega psa, je bil res utrujen. Tekel je naokoli celo noč. (Začel je teči v preteklosti in je do zjutraj neprekinjeno tekel.) | When, before, after, by the time |
0 Komentarji