Konjuktiv = Subjunctive
Konjuktiv v angleščini izginja in se ga zelo redko še sliši.
KONJUKTIV ZA SEDANJI ČAS
1) Raba
1) Ustaljene fraze/rekla in slogani:
- So be it! = Tako bodi! /Naj bo!
- God bless you! = Naj te Bog blagoslovi!
- God forbid! = Bog varuj!
- Far be it from me… = Še na misel mi ne pride…
- God grant! = Daj Bog!
2) Za glagoli, ki izražajo voljo, željo, predlog, dvom, obžalovanje, prošnjo, ukaz, zahtevo: ask, wish, suggest, recommend, insist, regret, request, require, demand, determine, order, prefer, mandate.
- The court ordered that the defendant pay £10,000 compensation. = Sodišče je ukazalo, da obtoženec plača 10.000£ kompenzacije.
- The guidelines suggest that the applications be written in German, Italian or English. = Navodila predlagajo, da se prijave napišejo v Nemščini, Italijanščini in Angleščini.
- In 1894 Baron Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games be revived. = Leta 1894 je Baron Pierre de Coubertin predlagal, da se Olimpijske igre oživijo.
- The judge recommended that the man serve ten years in prison. = Sodnik je predlagal, da moški odsluži deset let v zaporu.
- 3) Izrazi, ki jim sledi konjuktiv: it is best /a good idea/a bad idea/recommended/urgent/essential/imperative/crucial/desirable/important/vital (that).
- It is important that Keith start (ne rečemo “starts”) doing some exercises. = Pomembno je, da Keith začne telovaditi.
- It is best that the issue be (ne rečemo “is”) discussed as soon as possible. = Najbolje je, da se o zadevi čimprej pogovori.
- It is crucial that the signs be (ne rečemo “are”) noticed early enough. = Ključnega pomena je, da znake opazimo dovolj hitro.
- It is desirable that the new employee have (ne rečemo “has”) a lot of work experience. = Zaželjeno je, da ima novi zaposleni veliko delovnih izkušenj.
2) Oblika
Glagol “be” ima obliko “be” za vse osebe v ednini in množini. Konjuktiv glagola “be” se glasi: I be, you be, he be, she be, it be, we be, you be, they be.
Pri polnopomenskih glagolih, torej pri vseh razen pomožnih (npr.: will, do, did, was, were, has, have) in modalnih (npr.: must, have to, should, itd.) tretja oseba ne dobi končnice “-s/-es”, kar pomeni, da so konjuktivne oblike za vse osebe enake: I speak, you speak, he speak, she speak, it speak, we speak, they speak.
KONJUKTIV ZA PRETEKLI ČAS
1) Raba
1) Za besednima zvezama “as if” in “as though”:
- She looked as though she were drunk. = Izgledal je, kot bi bil pijan.
- Henry was spending money on that trip as if he were a millionaire. = Henry je na tistem potovanju zapravljal denar, kot bi bil milijonar.
- The boy was listening to the girl as if enchanted. = Fant je poslušal dekle, kot bi bil začaran.
2) Za “wish”, ko govorimo o želji, ki se ne more izpolniti:
- I wish Juliet were more like her. = Želim si, da bi bila Juliet bolj podobna njej.
- I wish my grandfather were here now so that he could advise me what to do. = Želim si, da bi bil dedek tukaj, da bi mi lahko svetoval.
- I wish I were the CEO of this company. = Želim si, da bi bil izvršni direktor tega podjetja.
- How I wish my mother let me go there. = Kako si želim, da bi me mama pustila tja.
3) V pogojnih odvisnikih, kjer je pogoj neuresničljiv in se navezuje na sedanjost ali prihodnost:
- If it weren’t raining, we would go out. = Če ne bi deževalo, bi šli ven.
- If we were nearer equator, it would be much hotter. = Če bi bili bližje ekvatorju, bi bilo bolj vroče.
- If he proposed, would you say yes? = Če bi te zaprosil, kaj bi rekla?
4) Za besedno zvezo “would rather”, ki jo uporabljamo za izražanje preferenc:
- I would rather you stayed a few more days. = Raje bi videl, da bi ostala še nekaj dni.
- Amanda wants to study law but her father would rather she applied to the Faculty of Economics. = Amanda si želi študirati pravo, njen oče pa bi raje videl, da se prijavi na Ekonomsko fakulteto.
5) Za besedno zvezo “it’s time”, ki pomeni “skrajni čas je že”:
- The plane takes off at one o’clock and it is time we left. = Letalo vzleti ob enih in skrajni čas je že, da gremo. (Ne rečemo “it is time we leave”)
- It is over midnight, and it is time we went home. = Že čez polnoč je in skrajni čas je, da gremo domov. (Ne rečemo “it is time we go home.”)
2) Oblika
Glagol “be” ima obliko “were” za prvo in tretjo osebo ednine. Konjuktiv glagola “be”, ki se navezuje na preteklost, se glasi: I were, you were, he were, she were, it were, we were, you were, they were.
V sodobni angleščini najdemo konjuktiv le še v odvisnih stavkih.
0 Komentarji