Inverzija = Inversion
1) Časovni izrazi: rarely, seldom, never
Ti časovni izrazi se uporabljajo skupaj s “Simple” časi ali z modalnimi glagoli in pogosto vključujejo primernike:
- Never have I seen such a beautiful picture! = Nikoli še nisem videla tako lepe slike!
- Seldom has she said anything like this. = Redko je rekla karkoli takega.
- Rarely does Jim complain about anything. = Jim se le redko pritoži glede česarkoli.
- Never have I eaten anything more delicious. = Še nikoli nisem jedla česa bolj okusnega.
- Rarely could Liz come home before five. = Liz je le redko lahko prišla domov pred peto.
2) Časovni izrazi: no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until
Te časovne izraze uporabljamo, ko je govora o zaporednih dogodkih v preteklosti.
- Hardly had they started dating when she got pregnant. = Komaj sta začela hoditi, ko je že zanosila.
- No sooner had Lucy closed her eyes than she fell asleep. = Komaj je zaprla oči, že je zaspala.
V vseh teh primerih se en dogodek zgodi takoj za drugim. Za pa dogodek, ki se je zgodil prvi uporabimo “Past Perfect Simple”.
3) Za izrazi z “only”, kot na primer v “only after”, “only when”, “only then”, “if only”
“Only” se pogosto pojavi skupaj s časovnimi izrazi.
- Only then did I realize my mistake. = Šele takrat sem se začela zavedati svoje napake.
- Only after her dad’s permission did Sandra go out. = Šele po očetovem dovoljenju je Sandra odšla ven.
Ni vedno zamenjan vrstni red prvega glagola:
- Only after she had passed all the exams did he go to Thailand. = Šele, ko je naredila vse izpite je odšla na Tajsko.
- Only if you promise not to tell anyone will I tell something about her. = Samo če obljubiš, da ne boš nikomur povedal, ti povem nekaj o njej.
Kadar “only” stoji sam (brez: after, then, when, if), ni nobene inverzije:
- Only Liz agreed to come. = Samo Liz se je strinjala, da pride.
4) Za “Little”
“Little” ima negativen prizvok.
- Little did she know about him. = Malo je vedela o njem.
- Little have I thought about my future. = Malo sem razmišljal o svoji prihodnosti.
5) Za “At no time”, “Not only”, “Under no circumstances”
- At no time did I think of quitting. = Nikoli nisem pomislila, da bi odnehala.
- Not only is she a good teacher but she is also an amazing person. = Ni samo dobra učiteljica, temveč tudi čudovita oseba.
- Under no circumstances will I tolerate this. = Pod nobenimi pogoji ne bom tolerirala tega.
6) Za ‘So’ in ‘Such’
‘So’
‘So + pridevnik … that’ skupaj z glagolom ‘to be’.
- So interesting was the book that I couldn’t stop reading. = Knjiga je bila tako zanimiva, da nisem mogla nehati brati.
- So happy was the boy that he started jumping. = Fant je bil tako srečen, da je začel skakati.
‘Such’
‘Such + to be + samostalnik … ‘that’:
- Such was the heat that we couldn’t breathe. = Takšna vročina je bila, da nismo mogli dihati.
- Such was his reaction that it scared us all. = Njegova reakcija je bila takšna, da nas je vse prestrašila.
7) Pri pogojnih stavkih
Včasih je vrstni red v pogojnih stavkih obrnjen in s tem dobi bolj uraden prizvok. V teh primerih “if” izpustimo, njegovo vlogo tvorjenja pogojnika pa prevzame zamenjan vrstni red pomožnega glagola in osebka.
- Should you have any questions, just call me. = Če boš imela kakšno vprašanje, me kar pokliči.
- Were I there, I would call the police. = Če bi bil jaz tam, bi poklical policijo.
- Had I heard about this before, I would have told you. = Če bi prej slišal o tem, bi ti povedal.
Samo “should”, “were” in “had” lahko zamenjamo na tak način (“were” je tudi pri “he/ she/it”).
1) Za “so”, “neither” in “nor”
Kadar “so”, “neither” ali “nor” uporabimo za strinjanje, prav tako nastopi inverzija.
- “I am not religious.” = “Nisem veren.”
“Neither am I.”/”Nor am I.”=”Jaz tudi ne.” - “I am in love with dancing.” = “Zaljubljena sem v ples.”
“So am I.” = “Jaz tudi.”
Najdemo pa tudi sledeče primere (kjer se spet pojavi inverzija):
- Jim is a fan of Lady Gaga, and so is Sarah. = Jim je oboževalec Lady Gaga in Sarah tudi.
- They don’t like this dish, and neither do we. = Ali: “Nor do we.”: “Oni ne marajo te jedi in tudi mi je ne.”
9) Za “as”
- Elisabeth was too young to understand, as was Johnny. = Elizabeth je bila premlada, da bi razumela, Johnny pa tudi.
- She decided to stop smoking, as did Ruth. = Ona se je odločila prenehati kaditi in prav tako se je Ruth.
“As” v teh primerih izraža enakost.
*Inverzija se ne pojavi v primerih, ko prislov ne pride pred osebek (ko zgoraj naštete besede – no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, if only – ne začnejo stavka)
- She is not only a good teacher but she is also an amazing person. = Ni samo dobra učiteljica, temveč tudi čudovita oseba.
- It was not until she saw the place that she believed in its extraordinary beauty. = Dokler ni videla kraja, ni verjela v njegovo lepoto.
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